What is Deadlock Avoidance In Operating System?

Deadlock avoidance(What is Deadlock Avoidance In Operating System) allows the three necessary conditions of mutual exclusion, hold and wait, and no preemption, but makes the judicious choice to ensure that the deadlock point is never reached. it means that avoidance allows more concurrency than prevention.

The basic idea for deadlock avoidance(What is Deadlock Avoidance In Operating System) is to grant only those requests for available resources that can not possibly result in a state of deadlock.

This strategy is implemented by having the resource allocator examine the effects of granting a particular request.

If the granting of resources can not lead to deadlock(What is Deadlock Avoidance In Operating System), the resource is granted to the requestor.

Otherwise, the requesting process is suspended until such time when its pending request can be safely granted.

To evaluate the safety of the individual states, deadlock avoidance requires all processes to state their maximum number of resources of each type requirement before execution.

A deadlock avoidance algorithm dynamically examines the resource-allocation state to ensure that a circular wait condition can never exist.

The resource allocation state is defined by the number of available and allocated resources and the maximum demands of the process.

Safe and unsafe state: A state is safe if the system can allocate resources to each process in some order and avoid a deadlock. In other words, a system is in a safe state only if there exists a safe sequence.

A sequence of processes < p1, p2,….pn > is a safe sequence for the current allocation state if, for each pi, the resources that pi can request can be satisfied by the currently available resources plus the resources held by all the PJ, where j<i. If no such sequence exists, then the system state is said to be unsafe.

A safe state is not a deadlock state. Conversely, a deadlock state is an unsafe state. However, all unsafe states are no deadlocks.

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